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Landscape scale
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Landscape types or ecosystems
Species distribution and richness
Proportions of vegetation patches
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Landscape pattern
Heterogeneity and connectivity
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Landscape processes
Disturbance processes (crop and pasture rotations, seasonality of crop/pasture growth, intensity of grazing)
Nutrient cycling rates
Persistence of vegetation patches
Rates of erosion
Disruption of hydrological processes (e.g. salinity)
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Community ecosystem
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Community ecosystems
Relative abundance, richness, evenness and diversity of species
Proportion of endemics, exotic, endangered, threatened species
Proportion of C4:C3 plant species
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Habitat structure
Edaphic characteristics, aspect, slope; vegetation biomass, horizontal patchiness
Abundance of features (cliffs, outcrops, gilgais, logs)
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Inter-specific interactions
Biomass and resource productivity
Parasitism and predation rates
Colonisation and local extinction rates
Fine scale disturbance processes
Nutrient cycling rates
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Population/species scale
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Species populations
Absolute or relative abundance
Frequency
Importance of cover
Biomass
Density
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Population structure
Population structure (sex and age ratios)
Habitat variables (see community ecosystem above)
Morphological variability
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Demographic processes
Fertility, recruitment rates, mortality rates
Flowering characteristics
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Genetic scale
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Genes
Allelic diversity
Presence of particular rare alleles
Deleterious recessives
Karyotypic variation
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Genetic structure
Population size
Heterozygosity
Chromosomal phenotypic variation
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Genetic processes
Inbreeding/outbreeding depression
Rate of genetic drift
Geneflow
Mutation rates
Selection intensity
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