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Ecosystem service
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Paddock
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Farm
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Landscape
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Supporting Services
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· Soil formation and fertility, Nutrient cycling
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Microbes,invertebrate communities; legumes
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Vegetation cover
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· genetic diversity
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Crop diversity for pest and disease resistance
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Genetic resource of wild populations
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· Water cycling (infiltration and runoff)
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Plant residues, cover crops, rotations, soil microbes (soil structure)
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Plant residues, cover crops, rotations, soil microbes (soil structure)
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Large scale remnant vegetation patches
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Regulating Services
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· Soil retention
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Perennial ground cover
Cover crops
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Perennial ground cover
Cover crops
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Riparian and flood plain vegetation, vegetation cover in catchment
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· Pollination
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Ground nesting bees (majority native species) and other pollinating animals; native vegetation patches or paddock borders
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Bees (largely exotic species) and other pollinating animals; native vegetation patched or paddock borders, native and exotic dung beetles
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Remnant vegetation
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· Dung burial
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Native and exotic dung beetles
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· Natural control of plant pests
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Predators and parasitoids
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Predators and parasitoids
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· Food sources and habitat for beneficial insects
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Remnant vegetation
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Remnant vegetation
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Remnant vegetation
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· Water purification
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Vegetation around drainage ditches and dams
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Vegetation cover in catchment
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· Atmosphere/climate lation
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Vegetation influencing microclimate (e.g. agroforestry, shelter belts)
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Vegetation influencing microclimate
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Vegetation influencing stability of local climate; amount of rainfall, temperature
Vegetation and soils for carbon sequestration and storage
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Ecosystem disservices
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· pest damage
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Insects, snails, birds mammals, fungi, bacteria, viruses, weeds
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Remnant vegetation. Birds, mammals, weeds
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Remnant vegetation, birds, mammals, weeds, insects (e.g. locusts)
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· Competition for water from other ecosystems
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Weeds
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Vegetation cover
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Vegetation cover in catchment
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· Competition for pollination
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Flowering weeds
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Flowering weeds
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Flowering plants in catchment
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